ABSTRACT
Objective@#To understand the characteristics of injury deaths of children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years in Kunming during 2010-2019,and to provide injury prevention and control basis.@*Methods@#Injury mortality data in 2010-2019 were from Kunming population based mortality surveillance system. The characteristics of injury death of children and adolescents were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, including mortality rate, composition ratio, the annual percent change,etc.@*Results@#Child and adolescent injury mortality was 23.18/10 5,decreasing by year(t=7.13,P<0.05). Male mortality(31.59/10 5) was higher than female(14.27/10 5)(χ2=376.24,P<0.05),the APC of male was -8.82% and -7.48% in female.The injury mortality of male was higher than that of female at all age group. The injury mortality rate of rural children and adolescents(28.65/10 5) was higher than that of urban children(12.37/10 5)(χ2=297.30,P<0.05),the APC was -8.53% in urban areas and -7.78% in rural areas.The top five causes of injury death of children and adolescents were traffic accident drowning, accidental fall, suicide and accidental mechanical suffocation, accounting for 80.88% of the total injury deaths of children and adolescents.In urban and rural areas,injury death by traffic accident, drowning and rural unintentional falls decreased significantly(t urban=3.17,3.20,t rural=5.66,3.12,4.42,P<0.05). The leading cause of death varied by different age groups.@*Conclusion@#The injury mortality rate of children and adolescents in Kunming city is on the decline. Rural children and adolescents, as vulnerable population to injury death, should receive protective strategies according to their specific characteristics of injuries and deaths in different age groups.
ABSTRACT
To evaluate and characterize the stability of traits conferred by phyA from Aspergillus ficuum, we examined expression of phyA in sexually-derived transgenic cotton progeny and assessed the capacity for phytate-utilization in T4 progeny. The gene (phyA) was expressed only in the roots, but not in the stem and leaf tissues. Phytase activity was 2.38-fold higher in transgenic line L2 than in wild-type (WT) plants. The amount of phosphorus in the leaves was also significantly higher in transgenic lines L2, L6 and L9. Among those lines, L2 performed best, showing increase in phosphorus contents of 10.67% (seedling stage), 8.78% (squaring), 11.77% (flowering) and 11.59% (boll-opening). The level of available phosphorus in the rhizosphere was 19% higher in soil containing transgenic plants compared with the WT. When both transgenic and WT were grown in the same type of soil, the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes was not obviously different. These results indicated that although the T4 generation enhanced the utilization of phytate phosphorus, it had no influence on the number of soil microorganisms. Our findings also demonstrated that phytase-expression lines could be used for developing new varieties of cotton having improved phosphorus uptake from the soil.